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Periorbital puffiness, also known as "puffy eyes" or swelling around the eyes, refers to the appearance of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits. It is almost exclusively caused by fluid buildup around the eyes, or periorbital edema. Minor puffiness usually detectable below the eyes only (although at times they could be present all around) is often called eye bags. Such transient puffiness is distinct from the age related and gradual increase in the size of the fat pad lying below the lower eyelids (suborbicularis oculi fat - "SOOF") which can also be colloquially referred to as eye bags.〔Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995 Jan;95(1):37-42.The suborbicularis oculi fat pads: an anatomic and clinical study. Aiache AE, Ramirez OH.〕 ==Causes== While some degree of puffiness may be normal for a given individual, factors such as age and fatigue may make the swelling more prominent. The periorbital tissues are most noticeably swollen immediately after waking, perhaps due to the gravitational redistribution of fluid in the horizontal position. Eye puffiness may also be caused by: *Mononucleosis - With supra-orbital oedema, the eyes become puffy and swollen. This may occur in the early stages of infection. *Oversleeping/sleep deprivation - Interrupted sleep cycles are common causes of eye puffiness. *Fluid retention - Many conditions (including pregnancy and hormonal variations with menstruation) can lead to the retention of fluid, particularly in the subcutaneous tissues. These conditions can cause swelling around the eyes to be more prominent. (This cause can by partly alleviated by raising the head of one's bed.) *Diet - Sodium deficiency encourages fluid retention and may lead to puffy eyes. *Alcohol and tobacco use - Alcohol and tobacco contain toxins that may lead to stress, fatigue, and hormonal changes; all of which may lead to fluid retention and swelling around the eyes. *Allergies - Allergic reactions can lead to leaks in the subcutaneous capillary beds which can cause swelling in the face, including around the eyes. *Skin disorders - Eye puffiness can be a side effect of certain skin disorders, such as dermatitis, if the affected area becomes very sensitive, leading to swelling. *Normal aging - As a person grows older, the skin around the eyes becomes thinner and may swell or droop.〔The Look You Like; Paul Lazar, M.D.〕 Further a gradual and generally permanent increase in the size of the suborbicularis oculi fat pad along with the thinning and weakening of the overlying musculature contributes to the apparent distention of the lower eyelids.〔Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995 Jan;95(1):37-42.The suborbicularis oculi fat pads: an anatomic and clinical study. Aiache AE, Ramirez OH.〕 *Crying - The salt in tears may cause fluid retention in the eye area. *Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism – Facial puffiness and periorbital swelling occur due to infiltration with the mucopolysaccharides hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate,〔The Merck Manual, 18th Edition, Merck Research Laboratories, 2006.〕 pulling fluid into the interstitial space by osmosis. *Periorbital cellulitis - An inflammation and infection of the eyelid and portions of skin around the eye. *Chagas disease - Also known as American trypanosomiasis. Young patients, often in an acute phase of the disease, manifest Romaña's sign: unilateral, painless, periorbital edema.〔''Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology'', John and Petri, Ninth Edition〕 *Nephrotic syndrome - Puffiness around the eyes is the first site to get swollen *Trichinosis - Periorbital edema, fever and muscle pain are the main symptoms that ensue from eating raw, infected pork. *Tear glands - Puffiness around the eyes can also be due to the improper functioning of the tear glands. *Superior vena cava obstruction. * Cavernous sinus syndrome polyneuropathy.〔Carroll GG. Multiple Cranial Neuropathies. Semin Neurol. 2009;29(1):53-65. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/588522_9〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「periorbital puffiness」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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